Seasonal affective disorder (also called SAD) is a type of depression that is related to the seasons of the year. SAD is a form of winter-onset depression with symptoms typically beginning in late fall or early winter and going away by summer. Summer-onset depression is a less common type of SAD beginning in late spring or early summer and going away by winter.
Common symptoms of winter-onset SAD include the following:
• A change in appetite, with increased cravings for sweet or starchy foods.
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• Weight gain.
• Loss of interest in the activities that used to be enjoyable.
• Feeling tired and slowed down much of the time.
• Difficulty concentrating.
• Oversleeping.
• Irritability and anxiety.
• Lower sexual desire and function.
Symptoms of summer-onset SAD include loss of appetite, weight loss, insomnia, irritability and anxiety, agitation and increased sex drive.
Both types of SAD may also include some of the symptoms that occur in other forms of depression, such as physical problems like headaches or ongoing feelings of hopelessness. Symptoms of SAD tend to present themselves every year at about the same time.
The most effective treatment for winter-onset SAD is exposure to sunlight or artificial light that is like sunlight. If your health care provider suggests light therapy, a light box with fluorescent light bulbs can be tried. Light visors that can be worn on the head like a cap also are available. Light therapy takes about 30 to 90 minutes each day, often divided into more than one session.
Your physician may also suggest antidepressant medications or seeing a mental health therapist.
Usually, SAD is a lifelong condition. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is important to help control seasonal affective disorder. Find ways to relax, such as starting a hobby, taking walks or listening to music. Eat a healthy diet, limit caffeine and get enough sleep. Avoid alcohol and drugs, because they can make your symptoms worse. Find support by talking with family and friends. If there is a support group available consider attending.
Finally, if your symptoms seem to be getting worse, contact your health care provider.
Shirley DeAcetis has her master's degree in social work and supervisors the Maino Community Health Library at Sutter Gould Medical Foundation.
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